The social and cultural context of Wajir deepens these inequities. Patriarchal norms are reinforced through religious and customary authority, creating a political culture that frames women’s participation as culturally inappropriate or destabilizing. Intergenerational bias further marginalizes youth, while poverty constrains their ability to run for office or organize politically. Cross-border insecurity with Somalia and periodic inter-clan conflicts amplify fear and limit public discourse, deterring citizen engagement and reinforcing elite control.